Heat the vegetable oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add the beef cubes and brown them on all sides, then remove the meat and set it aside.
Add the diced onion and sliced carrots to the same pot. Cook for 4 minutes until the onion softens, then stir in the minced garlic.
Sprinkle the flour over the vegetables and stir for 1 minute to form a light roux. Slowly pour in the beef broth while stirring to avoid lumps.
Return the browned beef to the pot along with the diced potatoes and caraway seeds. Bring the mixture to a simmer, cover, and cook for 45 minutes.
Add the shredded cabbage and continue simmering uncovered for 20 minutes until the cabbage is tender and the potatoes begin to break down slightly.
Use a spoon to gently mash some of the potatoes against the side of the pot to thicken the broth further. Season with salt and black pepper.