Place the beef stew meat in a large skillet over medium heat and brown it on all sides for about 5 minutes. Transfer the meat to the slow cooker.
Add the cabbage, carrots, onion, garlic, caraway seeds, salt, pepper, and bay leaves to the slow cooker.
Pour the beef broth over the ingredients and stir gently to combine everything.
Cover the slow cooker and cook on low for 8 hours until the beef is fork-tender.
Remove the bay leaves before serving.