Heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add the beef cubes and brown them on all sides for about 5 minutes.
Transfer the browned beef to the slow cooker. Add the chopped onion, minced garlic, tomato paste, caraway seeds, salt, and black pepper.
Pour in the beef broth and stir to combine everything evenly.
Add the cubed potatoes on top, then layer the sliced cabbage over the potatoes.
Cover and cook on low for 8 hours until the beef is fork-tender and the potatoes are soft.
Stir the stew gently before serving to mix the cabbage throughout the broth.