Heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add the beef cubes and brown them on all sides for about 5 minutes.
Transfer the browned beef to the slow cooker. Add the diced onion, minced garlic, caraway seeds, tomato paste, salt, and black pepper.
Pour in the beef broth and stir everything together until the tomato paste is mostly dissolved.
Add the chopped cabbage on top and press it down gently so it fits in the liquid.
Cover and cook on low for 8 hours, until the beef is fork-tender and the cabbage has softened.
Stir the stew once more before serving to distribute the flavors.