Heat the olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add the beef cubes and brown them on all sides, about 6 minutes total. Remove the beef and set it aside.
Add the onion to the same pot and cook until it softens, about 4 minutes. Stir in the garlic, cumin, and minced chipotle peppers. Cook for 1 minute until fragrant.
Return the beef to the pot. Add the tomato paste and stir to coat the meat. Pour in the beef broth and bring the mixture to a simmer.
Add half the cauliflower florets. Cover and cook for 45 minutes until the beef is tender.
Add the remaining cauliflower florets and cook uncovered for 15 more minutes until they soften. Use an immersion blender to partially blend the stew, leaving some chunks for texture. Stir in the salt and pepper.
Ladle into bowls and top with chopped cilantro.