Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil and cook the penne according to package directions until al dente. Drain and set aside.
Heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add the chicken pieces and season with salt and pepper. Cook for 6 to 8 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the chicken is golden and cooked through.
Add the minced garlic to the skillet and stir for 1 minute until fragrant. Add the chopped roasted red peppers and cook for another 2 minutes.
Pour in the heavy cream and bring the mixture to a gentle simmer. Stir in the Parmesan cheese until it melts and the sauce thickens slightly.
Add the drained penne to the skillet and toss everything together so the pasta is evenly coated. Season with additional salt and pepper if needed.
Remove from heat, sprinkle with torn basil leaves, and serve right away.