Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat and brown the beef cubes in batches until they have color on all sides. Transfer the browned beef to the slow cooker.
Add the chopped onion, sliced carrots, shredded cabbage, and cubed potatoes to the slow cooker.
Sprinkle the caraway seeds, minced garlic, salt, and black pepper over the ingredients. Place the bay leaves on top.
Stir the tomato paste into the beef broth until smooth, then pour the mixture into the slow cooker.
Cover and cook on low for 8 hours, until the beef is tender and the vegetables are soft.
Remove the bay leaves before serving.