Heat the olive oil in a large pot over medium-high heat. Add the lamb cubes and brown them on all sides, about 6 to 8 minutes total.
Add the diced onion and minced garlic to the pot. Cook for 3 to 4 minutes until the onion softens.
Stir in the rinsed barley, chicken broth, oregano, thyme, salt, and black pepper. Bring the mixture to a boil.
Reduce the heat to low, cover the pot, and simmer for 45 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Add the quartered artichoke hearts along with the lemon zest and juice. Simmer uncovered for another 15 minutes until the barley is tender and the stew has thickened slightly.
Remove from heat and stir in the chopped fresh parsley before serving.