Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil and cook the fusilli until al dente. Drain, rinse under cold water, and set aside to cool completely.
Heat a dry skillet over medium-high heat and add the corn kernels. Cook for 4 to 5 minutes, stirring occasionally, until some kernels begin to char. Remove from heat and let cool.
In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the mayonnaise, lime juice, chili powder, salt, and black pepper until smooth.
Add the cooled fusilli, charred corn, and diced red onion to the bowl with the dressing. Toss until everything is evenly coated.
Sprinkle the chopped cilantro over the salad and gently mix it in. Top with the crumbled cotija cheese just before serving.