Peel the pears and leave the stems attached if possible. Place them in a large pot that holds them snugly.
Pour the red wine over the pears. Add the granulated sugar, cinnamon sticks, cloves, star anise, and orange peel. Bring the mixture to a simmer over medium heat.
Lower the heat and let the pears cook gently for 20 to 25 minutes, turning them once or twice so they color evenly. They should feel tender when pierced with a knife.
Remove the pears with a slotted spoon and set them aside. Strain the poaching liquid and return it to the pot. Simmer until it reduces to a light syrup, about 15 minutes.
While the liquid reduces, stir the mascarpone, powdered sugar, and vanilla extract together in a small bowl until smooth.
Slice each pear in half if desired, or serve whole. Drizzle a little of the reduced syrup over the pears and add a spoonful of the vanilla mascarpone on the side.