Heat the olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add the chicken pieces and cook until lightly browned on all sides, about 5 minutes.
Stir in the minced garlic and cook for 1 minute until fragrant.
Pour in the chicken broth, then add the dried thyme, salt, and black pepper. Bring the mixture to a boil.
Add the chopped kale and the tortellini. Reduce the heat to a simmer and cook for 6 to 8 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the tortellini is tender and the kale is wilted.
Ladle into bowls and top each serving with grated Parmesan cheese.