Place a skillet over medium heat and add the ground beef, onion, and garlic. Cook until the beef is fully browned, then drain off any excess fat.
Transfer the beef mixture to the slow cooker.
Add the diced tomatoes with green chilies, drained corn, drained black beans, beef broth, chili powder, cumin, salt, and black pepper. Stir everything until well combined.
Cover the slow cooker and cook on low for 6 to 8 hours.
Ladle the stew into bowls and top each serving with fresh cilantro and shredded cheddar cheese.