Preheat the oven to 425 degrees. Toss the corn kernels and diced red bell peppers with 1 tablespoon olive oil on a baking sheet. Roast for 20 minutes until the edges turn brown.
Heat the remaining tablespoon of olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add the chopped onion and cook for 5 minutes until it softens.
Stir in the minced garlic, cumin, and oregano. Cook for 1 minute until fragrant.
Add the rinsed lentils, ancho chiles, and vegetable broth to the pot. Bring to a boil, then reduce to a low simmer. Cover and cook for 25 minutes.
Remove the ancho chiles from the pot. Mash them with a fork until smooth, then return the paste to the stew and stir well.
Add the roasted corn and red peppers to the pot. Season with salt and black pepper. Simmer uncovered for 10 more minutes until the lentils are tender.
Ladle into bowls and top with fresh cilantro. Serve with lime wedges on the side.