Heat the olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add the onion and cook until it softens, about 5 minutes.
Stir in the garlic and mushrooms. Cook until the mushrooms release their liquid and begin to brown, 6 to 7 minutes.
Add the lentils, chipotle peppers, cumin, and smoked paprika. Stir to coat the lentils and mushrooms evenly.
Pour in the vegetable broth and fire-roasted tomatoes. Bring the mixture to a boil, then lower the heat and simmer uncovered for 25 to 30 minutes until the lentils are tender.
Taste and season with salt and black pepper. Ladle into bowls and top with cilantro. Serve lime wedges on the side.