Place the chicken breasts in the slow cooker. Add the black beans, corn, diced tomatoes with green chilies, and chicken broth.
Sprinkle in the chili powder, cumin, garlic powder, cayenne pepper, salt, and black pepper. Stir gently to combine the spices with the liquid.
Cover and cook on low for 6 to 8 hours until the chicken is tender and shreds easily.
Remove the chicken, shred it with two forks, and return it to the slow cooker. Stir to mix everything together.
Ladle the soup into bowls and top with tortilla chips and shredded cheddar cheese before serving.