Heat the olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add the ground beef and cook until browned, breaking it up with a spoon as it cooks. Drain excess fat if needed.
Add the diced onion and sliced carrots to the pot. Cook for 5 minutes, stirring often, until the onion softens. Stir in the minced garlic and cook for 1 minute more.
Pour in the beef broth and diced tomatoes. Add the dried thyme, salt, and black pepper. Bring the mixture to a simmer.
Add the chopped cabbage and green beans. Cover the pot and simmer for 20 minutes, stirring once or twice, until the vegetables reach your desired tenderness.