Bring a large pot of water to a boil. Add the rice noodles and cook according to package directions until just tender. Drain and rinse under cold water to stop cooking.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the peanut butter, soy sauce, lime juice, sesame oil, minced garlic, and grated ginger until smooth. Add a splash of warm water if the sauce needs thinning.
Place the shredded cabbage in a large mixing bowl. Add the cooled noodles and pour the peanut sauce over the top.
Toss everything until the noodles and cabbage are evenly coated with the sauce.
Sprinkle the chopped peanuts and cilantro over the salad just before serving.