Preheat the oven to 375 degrees. Cut the tops off the bell peppers and remove the seeds and membranes. Place the peppers cut side up in a baking dish.
Heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add the ground turkey and cook until it is no longer pink, breaking it up with a spoon as it browns.
Add the minced garlic, cumin, chili powder, salt, and black pepper to the turkey. Stir and cook for 1 minute until the garlic is fragrant.
Stir in the black beans and cook for 2 minutes until everything is heated through. Remove the skillet from the heat.
Spoon the turkey and black bean mixture evenly into the prepared bell peppers. Cover the dish with foil and bake for 25 minutes.
While the peppers bake, make the salsa. Combine the diced tomatoes, chopped red onion, cilantro, lime juice, and a pinch of salt in a bowl. Stir gently and set aside.
Remove the peppers from the oven and let them rest for 5 minutes. Spoon the fresh tomato salsa over each pepper before serving.