Heat the vegetable oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat until it shimmers.
Add the minced garlic and sliced Thai chilies, then stir for 30 seconds until fragrant.
Add the ground chicken and break it up with a spoon. Cook until no pink remains, about 5 minutes.
Stir in the oyster sauce, soy sauce, fish sauce, and sugar. Cook for another 2 minutes so the flavors coat the chicken evenly.
Remove the skillet from the heat and stir in the Thai basil leaves until they just wilt.
Divide the cooked jasmine rice among four bowls and top each with the chicken mixture.